How can ultraviolet (UV) radiation affect the skin?

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has significant effects on the skin, with the most concerning impact being its potential to cause skin damage and increase the risk of skin cancer. UV radiation can penetrate the skin and damage the DNA in skin cells, leading to mutations that may result in skin cancer over time. This is particularly true for excessive exposure to UV radiation, such as that which can occur during tanning or prolonged sun exposure.

While UV radiation plays a role in the synthesis of vitamin D, its detrimental effects, including premature aging of the skin (such as wrinkles and leathery texture), sunburn, and an increased risk of developing various types of skin cancer (like melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma), significantly outweigh its benefits. Therefore, understanding that UV radiation can pose a serious health risk is crucial for individuals engaging in tanning practices or sun exposure. Utilizing protective measures, such as sunscreen and protective clothing, is vital to minimize these harmful effects on the skin.