Which of the following is an alternative to UV exposure for tanning?

Self-tanning products are an alternative to UV exposure for tanning because they contain ingredients that simulate a tan without the need for exposure to ultraviolet rays. These products typically use a compound called dihydroxyacetone (DHA), which reacts with the amino acids in the skin’s outer layer to produce a browning effect. This method allows individuals to achieve a tanned appearance without the associated risks of UV exposure, such as skin damage and increased risk of skin cancer.

In contrast, sunbathing outdoors and indoor tanning beds both involve direct exposure to UV radiation, which can lead to harmful effects on the skin. Frequent use of sunscreen, while important for protecting the skin against UV damage, does not provide a tanning effect but rather helps prevent tanning and sunburn. Therefore, among the options provided, self-tanning products stand out as the safest alternative that delivers a tanned look without the risks that come with UV exposure.